Soil test values are reported as pounds per acre under Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), P (phosphorus), and K (potassium). These values correspond to below optimum, optimum and above optimum levels of these nutrients as indicated in the following table. Soil test levels in the optimum categories are best for plant growth and for the environment.
| Rating | Ca | Mg | P | K |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Below Optimum | 0-1799 | 0-174 | 0-13 | 0-249 |
| Optimum | 1800-2399 | 175-249 | 14-20 | 250-349 |
| Above Optimum | 2400-3400+ | 250-400+ | 21-35+ | 350-500+ |
Field Corn
Note 1
Starter is recommended. Apply, through the planter, a fertilizer with a relatively high P2O5 content such as 10-20-10 or monoammonium phosphate (11-52-0). Do not exceed 80 to 100 lbs/A of N + K2O in the starter band; e.g., 400- 500 lbs/A of 10-20-10.
The recommendation for phosphorus (P) on the soil test printout is for broadcast P. Because phosphorus in starter is more efficiently used than broadcast P, any starter P used should be applied at two-thirds the rate of broadcast P.
Example 1
Recommendation on soil test printout calls for 60 lbs P2O5 /A. If starter is used to supply all of the recommended P2O5, apply two-thirds of 60 or 40 lbs P2O5 /A as starter.
Example 2
Soil test printout calls for 120 lbs P2O5 /A. The grower plans to apply 60 lbs P2O5 /A through the planter. The 60 lbs P2O5 /A via starter is equivalent to 90 lbs P2O5 /A broadcast (two-thirds of 90 is 60). The amount to broadcast is 120 – 90 = 30 lbs P2O5 /A.
Note 2
- Planting on or before May 15: Follow suggestions for starter given in Note 1 above. Do not exceed 30-40 lbs P2O5 /A.
- Planting after May 15: Crop response to starter fertilizer is not likely.
Note 3
Soil test P is very high. Starter fertilizer is not recommended.
Note 4
Total nutrients recommended can be applied in combinations of broadcast, starter, and/or sidedressing.
Example:
| N | P205 | K20 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total nutrients recommended (soil test results) | 140 | 90 | 120 |
| Starter (20 lbs N, 40 lbs P2O5 , 20 lbs K2O/A) | 20 | 60 | 20 |
| Balance | 120 | 30 | 100 |
Recommended N Fertilization Practices for Corn
- Manured fields: Apply no nitrogen before planting (preplant N). When the corn is 6 to 12 inches tall, apply as a sidedressing or topdressing the amount of N recommended on the soil test printout (minus any starter N) OR the amount recommended by the presidedress (June) soil nitrate test (PSNT)
- Unmanured fields: Apply no more than half of the N recommended on the soil test result before planting. Apply the balance of the N OR the amount of N recommended by the PSNT as a sidedressing or topdressing when corn is 6 to 12 inches tall.
Note 5
Nutrient credits for manure.
| Material | Credits* per ton or 1,000 gal of material applied | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lbs N | lbs P₂O₅ | lbs K₂O | Basis | |
| Cow manure | 5 | 3 | 6 | per ton |
| Liquid cow manure / Poultry manure | 16 | 14 | 19 | per 1,000 gal |
| (1) Fresh, wet, sticky; 20-40% D.M. | 16 | 20 | 12 | per ton |
| (2) Moist, crumbly to sticky; 41-60% D.M. | 22 | 40 | 24 | per ton |
| (3) Crumbly-dry; 61-80% D.M. | 32 | 55 | 36 | per ton |
| Liquid poultry | 26 | 30 | 15 | per 1,000 gal |
*Credits for N should be reduced by 50% if the material is not incorporated within two weeks. Credits for N should be increased by 20% if the material is applied fresh within two months of planting and is incorporated within one day of spreading.
Legume Seedings
Note 6
Management suggestions for soils presently too low in pH for notill legume seedings:
- For soils with little or no erosion hazard and a soil pH of less than 5.5. If the limestone recommendation is less than 3 tons per acre, surface apply all the limestone and incorporate by conventional tillage methods. If 3 tons/A or more limestone is recommended apply half the limestone at plowdown and half to the seedbed.
- For soils with moderate to high erosion potential with established vegetation. If the limestone recommendation is less than 3 tons per acre, surface apply all of the limestone as soon as possible. If the recommended limestone is 3 tons per acre or more, surface apply 2 tons or half the recommended amount, whichever is greater, as soon as possible. After six months or more, apply the balance of the recommended lime. Make the desired seeding when soil pH has been increased sufficiently (6.0 or above for alfalfa, 5.6 or above for legumes other than alfalfa).
- For soils with moderate to high erosion potential and no existing vegetation. If the limestone recommendation is less than 3 tons per acre, surface apply all the limestone as soon as possible. If the limestone recommendation is 3 tons per acre or more, surface apply 2 tons or half the recommended amount, whichever is greater, as soon as possible. Make a no-till seeding of corn, millet or some other annual crop. (Call your local Cooperative Extension educator for fertilizer recommendations). Surface apply the balance of the recommended limestone after harvesting the annual crop. Make the desired no-till seeding when soil pH has been increased sufficiently (6.0 or above for alfalfa, 5.6 or above for legumes other than alfalfa).
| Material | Amount Not to Exceed per Acre |
|---|---|
| Cow | 30 tons or 900 bushels or 1,100 cubic feet |
| Liquid Cow | 10,000 gallons |
| Poultry (fresh; wet-sticky, 20-40% D.M.) | 8 tons or 230 bushels or 290 cubic feet |
| Poultry (sticky-crumbly, 41-60% D.M.) | 6 tons or 220 bushels or 270 cubic feet |
| Poultry (crumbly-dry; 61-80% D.M.) | 4 tons or 190 bushels or 240 cubic feet |
Contact your local Cooperative Extension Educator with questions concerning your soil test report and fertilizer recommendations, or formanagement suggestions.
Residents of Litchfield, Hartford, Fairfield or New Haven counties can contact:
Richard Meinert, Cooperative Extension Educator
Torrington Extension Center
843 University Dr. Torrington, CT 06790 860-626-6240
Residents of Tolland, Windham, New London or Middlesex counties can contact:
Joyce Meader,Dairy/Livestock Cooperative Extension Educator
Brooklyn Cooperative Extension Center
139 Wolfden Rd. Brooklyn, CT 06234 860-774-9600
By Gary Griffin, Professor Emeritus, Revised 2015 by Dawn Pettinelli, Assistant Extension Educator and Thomas Morris, Professor, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gregory J. Weidemann, Cooperative Extension System, University of Connecticut, Storrs. The Connecticut Cooperative Extension System is an equal opportunity employer and program provider. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, Stop Code 9410, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964